A 12 mm crimp vial with a 1.0 mm wall holds 1.5 mL when filled to the shoulder, but the autosampler needle only reaches the bottom 300 µL. Fill it to 400 µL and you have 100 µL of usable sample above the needle tip, minus the 8 µL the needle displaces on the way down. That arithmetic, not the catalog page, is what sizes analytical testing capacity for a given injection count. I watched a lab burn through 1,200 injections on a single 96-position tray because nobody did the subtraction: the r...